function $(e) {
  if(typeof e=='string') e = document.getElementById(e);
  return e
  };

var addEvent = (function() {
  if (window.addEventListener) {
    return function(el, type, fn) {
      el.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
    };
  } else if (window.attachEvent) {
    return function(el, type, fn) {
      var f = function() {
        fn.call(el, window.event);
      };
      el.attachEvent('on'+type, f);
    };
  } else {
    return function(el, type, fn) {
      element['on'+type] = fn;
    }
  }
})();


var removeEvent = (function() {
  if (window.removeEventListener) {
    return function(el, type, fn) {
      el.removeEventListener(type, fn,false);
    };
  } else if (window.detachEvent) {
    return function(el, type, fn) {
      var f = function() {
        fn.call(el, window.event);
      };
      el.detachEvent("on" + type, f);
    };
  }
})();

var xhr = (function() {
  if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
    // Firefox、Safari、Internet Explorer 7.0など向け
    return new XMLHttpRequest();
  } else {
    // Internet Explorer 6.0以前向け
    try {
      return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); // 6.0用
    } catch(e) {
      try {
        return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); // 5.5以前用
      } catch(e) {
        return null;
      }
    }
  }
})();


var createElm = function(tag, attr, css) {
  var elm = document.createElement(tag);
  var style = elm.style;
  for (var k in attr) {
    elm.setAttribute(k, attr[k]);
  }
  for (var k in css) {
    style[k] = css[k];
  }
  return elm;
}

function opacity(elm, n) {
  elm.style.MozOpacity = n / 10;
  elm.style.opacity = n / 10;
  elm.style.filter = "alpha(opacity='" + (n * 10) + "')";
}